\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \begin{document} \title{Assignment --- First Law of Thermodynamics} \author{Ahmad Saalim Lone, 2019BCSE017} \date{} \maketitle \section*{Question 1} First law of thermodynamics suggests that $\sum Q = \sum W$. \begin{align*} Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3 &= W_1 + W_2 \\ 75 - 40 + Q_3 &= -15 + 44 \\ Q_3 &= -6 kJ \end{align*} i.e.\ from the system to the surroundings. \section*{Question 2} We know that, \begin{align*} Q &= \Delta E + W \\ Q &= -50000 + \frac{-1000 \times 3600}{1000} kJ \\ Q &= -8600 kJ \\ Q &= -8.6 MJ \end{align*} \section*{Question 3} There is no heat transfer, therefore \begin{align*} Q &= \Delta E + W \\ W &= - \Delta E - \Delta V \\ W &= \int_{1}^{0} C_v \cdot dT \\ W &= -0.718 (T_2 - T_1) \\ W &= -50.26 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ \text{Total Work} &= 2 \times (-50.26) = -100 kJ \end{align*} \section*{Question 4} \begin{align*} 1000 &= a + b \times 0.2 \\ 200 &= a + b \times 1.2 \\ b &= -800 \\ a &= 1000 + 2 \times 800 = 1160 \\ \therefore P &= 1160 - 800 V \\ W &= \int_{V_1}^{V_2} P \cdot dV \\ &= \int_{0.2}^{1.2} (1160 - 800V)dV \\ &= 6000 kJ \\ V_1 &= 1.5 \times 1000 \times \frac{0.2}{1.5} - 85 \\ &= 215 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ V_2 &= 1.5 \times 200 \times \frac{1.2}{1.5} - 85 \\ &= 155 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ \Delta V &= V_2 - V_1 \\ &= 40 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ \Delta U &= m \Delta V = 60 kJ \\ Q &= \Delta U + W \\ &= 60 + 600 \\ &= 660 kJ \\ U &= 1.5 PV - 85 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ U &= 1.5 \left(\frac{1160 - 800 V}{1.5}\right)V - 85 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ &= 800 V^2 - 85 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ \frac{\delta U}{\delta V} &= 1160 - 1600 V \\ \text{For maximum V,} \\ V_1 \rightarrow \frac{\delta U}{\delta V} &= 0 \\ V &= 0.725 \\ u_{\max} = 335.5 \frac{kJ}{kg} \\ \end{align*} \begin{align*} U_{\max} &= 1.5 \times u_{\max} = 503.25 kJ \\ \end{align*} \section*{Question 5} \subsection*{Part a} \begin{align*} Q &= \int_{273}^{373} C_p \cdot dT \\ t &= T - 273 K \\ \therefore t + 100 &= T - 173 \\ Q &= \int_{273}^{373} \left(2.093 + \frac{41.87}{T - 173}\right) \cdot dT \\ Q &= 238.32 J \end{align*} \subsection*{Part b} \begin{align*} Q &= \Delta E + \int p\cdot dV \\ \Delta E &= Q - p(V_2 - V_1) \\ \Delta E &= 238.32 - 101.325 (0.0024 - 0.002) \times 1000 J \\ \Delta E &= 197.79J \end{align*} \end{document}